What dried urine leaves behind
Urine is largely water, and the water evaporates. What stays is a crystalline residue of urea salts, uric acid and bacterial by-product bonded into the fibre, the backing and often the pad. Those salts are hygroscopic — they actively draw moisture out of the surrounding air. On a dry winter day they sit inert and the room smells fine. Raise the humidity and they take on water, the bacteria become active again, and the smell returns exactly as strong as before.