How to tell a hand-knotted oriental from a machine-made copy
The reverse of a hand-knotted rug shows the pattern as clearly as the face, because the design is formed by individual knots tied through the foundation rather than printed or woven mechanically. Machine-made rugs show a grid-like or slightly blurred back, often with a latex layer or a fabric backing holding the construction together. The fringe is the second test: on a hand-knotted rug the fringe is the warp thread of the foundation itself and runs through the entire rug, whereas on most machine-made pieces it is sewn or glued on afterwards as decoration. Slight irregularity is the third: variation in knot size, a border a fraction wider at one end, or abrash, the gentle colour shift where a weaver moved between dye batches, are all marks of hand production and are considered desirable rather than faults. This matters practically as well as financially, because a hand-knotted rug with unstable natural dyes needs a completely different process from a dimensionally stable synthetic.